A remarkable archaeological breakthrough has occurred in Fano, Italy, where researchers have confirmed the discovery of a basilica believed to be the sole building designed by the influential Roman architect, Vitruvius. Vitruvius is renowned for writing "De Architectura," the earliest known treatise on architectural theory, which remains a cornerstone of Western architectural principles. This identification marks a significant moment, offering a tangible connection to the architectural genius whose written works have guided builders and designers for millennia.
The excavation, initiated in 2023 at Fano's Piazza Andrea Costa, led to the uncovering of a vast Roman public building. Its form, location, and dimensions align precisely with descriptions found in Book V of "De Architectura," a text penned in the 1st century BC. The basilica, thought to have been completed in 19 BC, features a grand interior defined by 18 columns, some of which measure 150 centimeters in diameter and are estimated to have reached 15 meters in height. The crucial piece of evidence that solidified the identification was the unearthing of a final corner column whose position matched Vitruvius's detailed accounts with exact precision.
This extraordinary finding is heralded as a pivotal moment for both the study of architectural history and the cultural heritage of Fano. Andrea Pessina, the head of archaeology for Ancona and Pesaro-Urbino, emphasized the profound importance of this discovery, not only for the academic community but also for the city's archaeological landscape. The identification provides a vital key to interpreting long-known historical traces and structures within Fano, paving the way for continued exploration, conservation, and public engagement with this invaluable ancient site. Fano authorities are now formulating plans for ongoing excavation efforts and the long-term preservation and display of this monumental discovery.
The unearthing of Vitruvius's basilica serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring legacy of ancient civilizations and the profound impact of their innovators. It inspires us to continually seek connections to our past, understanding that these discoveries not only enrich our knowledge but also illuminate the timeless principles of design and construction. This find encourages a deeper appreciation for the meticulous records left by historical figures like Vitruvius and fosters a collective commitment to protecting and celebrating our shared human heritage.